Objective: Epidemiological studies demonstrate that the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels in Turkish people are lower compared to other populations. In the present study, the HDL cholesterol levels in subjects with or without angiographically documented coronary artery disease (CAD) were compared to assess whether HDL cholesterol levels were as low as expected. Methods: A total of 420 consecutive patients with age of ≥40 years (160 female, 260 male) undergoing coronary angiography were included in the study. Patients receiving fibric acid derivatives or niacin were excluded. Coronary artery disease group consisted of those patients with any atherosclerotic lesions in coronary angiography, and non-CAD group consisted of patients with no such lesions. Results: Average HDL cholesterol levels were 45.0±10.5 mg/dl (44.4±10.9 mg/dl in men, 46.5±9.6 mg/dl in women) in CAD group, and 47.7±9.0 mg/dl (45.5±8.4 mg/dl in men, 48.9±9.2 mg/dl in women) in non-CAD group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Compared to non-CAD patients, patients with CAD had lower HDL cholesterol levels, but in general HDL cholesterol levels were not as low as to be expected from epidemiological studies.