Background: The benefits of prophylactic renal replacement therapy after cardiac catheterization in patients with chronic kidney disease remain unclear. The aim of this study is to confirm the benefit of prophylactic renal replacement therapy after cardiac catheterization.

Methods: We systematically searched for studies published from inception to December 2022 examining the benefits of prophylactic renal replacement therapy after cardiac catheterization in MEDLINE and EMBASE. Data analysis was performed according to the PRISMA statement using the Mantel–Haenszel method.

Results: Five studies met the inclusion criteria, which comprised of 532 chronic kidney disease patients who underwent coronary angiography (268 had prophylactic renal replacement therapy and 264 did not have prophylactic renal replacement therapy). The pooled analysis revealed a non-significant decreased risk of 1-year mortality in chronic kidney disease patients who underwent coronary angiography and prophylactic renal replacement therapy compared to those who did not have prophylactic renal replacement therapy (RR = 0.59; P =.18; CI: 0.28-1.2795, I2 = 60.4%). The risk of hemodialysis during hospitalization and renal replacement therapy requirement in 1 year in chronic kidney disease patients who underwent coronary angiography and prophylactic renal replacement therapy were lower than in those who did not have prophylactic renal replacement therapy (RR = 0.13; P =.001; CI: 0.04-0.43, I2 = 9.1% and RR = 0.29; P =.015; CI: 0.11-0.78, I2 = 49.9%, respectively). The sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the overall findings remained consistent and did not significantly alter.

Conclusions: Prophylactic renal replacement therapy did not seem to lower 1-year mortality among chronic kidney disease patients who underwent coronary angiography. However, prophylactic renal replacement therapy appeared to reduce the risk of hemodialysis during hospitalization and renal replacement therapy requirement in 1 year.